PARTITIONS and cmd line syntax

Partition GUID and HEXADECIMAL CODES FOR PARTITION TYPES

http://www.datarecovery.com/hexcodes.asp


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff794606(v=winembedded.60).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ff794421(v=winembedded.60).aspx

For GPT disks, you can specify a partition type GUID for the partition that you create.EFI system partition: c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93bMicrosoft reserved partition: e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215aeBasic data partition: ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7LDM metadata partition on a dynamic disk: 5808c8aa-7e8f-42e0-85d2-e1e90434cfb3LDM data partition on a dynamic disk: af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69adIf you do not specify a partition type GUID, the createpartitionprimary command creates a basic data partition. Any partition type can be specified with the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. 

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HEXADECIMAL CODES FOR PARTITION TYPESThe partition table will contain a code to identify the partition type.Hexadecimal codes for partition types:00 NO-Partition empty partition-table entry01 DOS DOS 12-bit FAT02 XENIX root file system03 XENIX /usr file system (obsolete)04 DOS 16-bit FAT (up to 32M)05 Extended DOS 3.3+ extended partition06 DOS 3.31+ Large File System (16-bit FAT, over 32M)07 Advanced Unix07 QNX QNX07 OS/2 HPFS07 WindowsNT NTFS08 OS/2 (v1.0-1.3 only)08 AIX bootable partition, SplitDrive08 Commodore Commodore DOS08 DELL DELL partition spanning multiple drives09 Coherent Coherent filesystem09 AIX AIX data partition0A OPUS OPUS0A Coherent Coherent swap partition0A OS/2 OS/2 Boot Manager0B Windows95 with 32-bit FAT0C Windows95 with 32-bit FAT (using LBA-mode INT 13 extensions)0E VFAT logical-block-addressable VFAT (same as 06h but using LBA)0F Extended LBA Extended partition (same as 05h but using LBA)10 OPUS OPUS11 FAT12 OS/2 Boot Manager hidden 12-bit FAT partition12 Compaq Compaq Diagnostics partition14 FAT16 OS/2 Boot Manager hidden sub-32M 16-bit FAT partition16 FAT16 OS/2 Boot Manager hidden over-32M 16-bit FAT partition17 OS/2 OS/2 Boot Manager hidden HPFS partition17 NTFS hidden NTFS partition18 ASTSuspend AST special Windows swap file ("Zero-Volt Suspend" partition)19 Willowtech Willowtech Photon coS1B Windows hidden Windows95 FAT32 partition1C Windows hidden Windows95 FAT32 partition (LBA-mode)1E Windows hidden LBA VFAT partition20 Willowsoft Willowsoft Overture File System (OFS1)21 [reserved] officially listed as reserved21 FSo2 23 [reserved] officially listed as reserved24 NEC MS-DOS 3.x26 [reserved] officially listed as reserved31 [reserved] officially listed as reserved33 [reserved] officially listed as reserved34 [reserved] officially listed as reserved36 [reserved] officially listed as reserved38 Theos3C PowerQuest PartitionMagic recovery partition40 VENIX 8028641 Personal RISC Boot41 PowerPC boot partition42 SFS(Secure File System) by Peter Gutmann45 EUMEL/Elan 46 EUMEL/Elan 47 EUMEL/Elan 48 EUMEL/Elan 4F Oberon Oberon boot/data partition50 OnTrack Disk Manager, read-only partition51 OnTrack Disk Manager, read/write partition51 NOVELL52 CP/M52 Microport System V/38653 OnTrack Disk Manager, write-only partition???54 OnTrack Disk Manager (DDO)55 EZ-Drive EZ-Drive (see also INT 13/AH=FFh"EZ-Drive")56 GoldenBow GoldenBow VFeature5C Priam Priam EDISK61 SpeedStor 63 UnixSysV Unix SysV/386, 386/ix63 Mach Mach, MtXinu BSD 4.3 on Mach63 GNU-HURD GNU HURD64 Novell Novell NetWare 28664 SpeedStore SpeedStore65 Novell NetWare (3.11)67 Novell 68 Novell 69 Novell NSS Volume70 DiskSecure DiskSecure Multi-Boot71 [reserved] officially listed as reserved73 [reserved] officially listed as reserved74 [reserved] officially listed as reserved75 PC/IX PC/IX76 [reserved] officially listed as reserved7E F.I.X. F.I.X.80 Minix Minix v1.1 - 1.4a81 Minix Minix v1.4b+81 Linux Linux81 Mitac Mitac Advanced Disk Manager82 Linux/Swap Linux Swap partition82 Prime Prime82 Solaris Solaris (Unix)83 Linux Linux native file system (ext2fs/xiafs)84 DOS OS/2-renumbered type 04h partition (hiding DOS C: drive)85 Linux Linux EXT86 FAT16 FAT16 volume/stripe set (Windows NT)87 HPFS HPFS Fault-Tolerant mirrored partition87 NTFS NTFS volume/stripe set93 Amoeba Amoeba file system94 Amoeba Amoeba bad block table98 Datalight Datalight ROM-DOS SuperBoot99 Mylex Mylex EISA SCSIA0 Phoenix Phoenix NoteBIOS Power Management "Save-to-Disk" partitionA1 [reserved] officially listed as reservedA3 [reserved] officially listed as reservedA4 [reserved] officially listed as reservedA5 FreeBSD FreeBSD, BSD/386A6 OpenBSD OpenBSDA9 NetBSD NetBSD (http://www.netbsd.org/)B1 [reserved] officially listed as reservedB3 [reserved] officially listed as reservedB4 [reserved] officially listed as reservedB6 [reserved] officially listed as reservedB6 Windows Windows NT mirror set (master), FAT16 file systemB7 BSDI BSDI file system (secondarily swap)B7 Windows Windows NT mirror set (master), NTFS file systemB8 BSDI BSDI swap partition (secondarily file system)BE Solaris Solaris boot partitionC0 CTOS CTOSC0 DR-DOS DR DOS/DR-DOS/Novell DOS secured partitionC1 DR-DOS6.0 DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured 12-bit FAT partitionC4 DR-DOS6.0 DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured 16-bit FAT partitionC6 DR-DOS6.0 DR DOS 6.0 LOGIN.EXE-secured Huge partitionC6 corrupted corrupted FAT16 volume/stripe set (Windows NT)C6 Windows Windows NT mirror set (slave), FAT16 file systemC7 Syrinx Syrinx BootC7 corrupted corrupted NTFS volume/stripe setC7 Windows Windows NT mirror set (slave), NTFS file systemCB DR-DOS Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS/OpenDOS secured FAT32CC DR-DOS Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS secured FAT32 (LBA)CE DR-DOS Reserved for DR DOS/DR-DOS secured FAT16 (LBA)D0 Multiuser Multiuser DOS secured FAT12D1 Old-FAT12 Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT12D4 Old-FAT16 Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT16 (<= 32M)D5 Old-Ext Old Multiuser DOS secured extended partitionD6 Old-FAT16 Old Multiuser DOS secured FAT16 (> 32M)D8 CP/M-86 CP/M-86DB CP/M CP/M, Concurrent CP/M, Concurrent DOSDB CTOS CTOS (Convergent Technologies OS)E1 SpeedStor SpeedStor 12-bit FAT extended partitionE2 DOS DOS read-only (Florian Painke's XFDISK 1.0.4)E3 DOS DOS read-onlyE3 Storage Storage DimensionsE4 SpeedStor SpeedStor 16-bit FAT extended partitionE5 [reserved] officially listed as reservedE6 [reserved] officially listed as reservedEB BeOS BeOS BFS (BFS1)F1 Storage Storage DimensionsF2 DOS DOS 3.3+ secondary partitionF3 [reserved] officially listed as reservedF4 SpeedStor SpeedStorF4 Storage Storage DimensionsF5 Prologue PrologueF6 [reserved] officially listed as reservedFB VMWARE vmware partitionFE LANstep LANstepFE PS/2-IML IBM PS/2 IML (Initial Microcode Load) partitionFF Xenix Xenix bad block tableFM VMware VMware raw partition


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How to Rebuild the Boot Sector for Windows Vista and Windows 7

When the Windows system (booting) partition's boot sector is corrupted or otherwise contains invalid code for the version of Windows on the partition, it must be repaired before the partition will boot properly. Since the Windows installer updates the boot sector of the system partition during installation, this problem usually occurs when the Windows booting files are relocated from their install partition to an alternate partition or when installing an older version of Windows on a system with a newer version already installed.Two example scenarios that can cause this problem and the resulting error messages are described below:Scenario 1: Windows XP was installed. A new partition was created and formatted using XP to install Windows 7 in a dual-boot setup. Windows 7 was then installed using default options, placing its booting files onto the XP partition in a standard Microsoft dual-boot configuration. Later, the user installs BootIt BM and decides to move the Windows 7 booting files to the Windows 7 partition to separate it from XP. After moving the files and attempting to boot into Windows 7, the following error message is displayed:NTLDR is missingPress Ctrl+Alt+Del to restart This happens because the partition's boot sector was not updated when Windows 7 was installed and still contains the XP code to load ntldr (Windows Vista and later use bootmgr). Note: This type of problem can be avoided by formatting the destination partition(s) as part of the installation process.Scenario 2: Using BootIt BM as a partition manager, two NTFS partitions are created and formatted for installing Windows 7. The first partition is set active. Windows 7 is installed normally to the second partition, placing its booting files onto the first partition (similar to the default method used by Windows 7 when installing to an unpartitioned drive). Later, the user needs to remove the first partition. The booting files are moved to the Windows 7 partition and it's set active. Attempting to boot Windows 7 results in the following error:This partition does not contain an operating system.If you are about to install a new OS then insert theinstallation diskette into drive A:Press any key to run the BIOS bootstrap loader... This happens because the partition's boot sector code contains the default BootIt BM code and not the code required to boot into Windows. When installing Windows, the installer will only update the boot sector of the system (booting) partition. In this case, the first partition's boot sector was updated, while the second one wasn't. Note: This type of problem can be avoided by formatting the destination partition(s) as part of the installation process.These types of errors cannot always be repaired by doing a Startup Repair using the Windows DVD or Repair Disc. In any case, whether or not a Startup Repair was attempted, the boot sector can be updated manually by using the bootsect.exe program available on the following Windows media:Windows Vista DVDWindows 7 DVDWindows 7 System Repair DiscWinPE disc based on Vista or Windows 7 (e.g. VistaPE, TBWinPE)If possible, it's recommended to use the version of bootsect that matches (or is newer than) the version of Windows being repaired. For example, use the Windows 7 version to repair a Windows 7 or Vista boot sector. However, either version should work in most cases. Also note that you need to use a compatible version when running in Windows. For example, you can't run the 64-bit version (located on a 64-bit installation DVD) while running 32-bit Windows.Using bootsect.exe from WindowsThe boot sector repair can be performed directly from Windows if the following requirements are met:The computer can successfully boot into a different Windows installation.The partition needing the repair must be available to Windows so it can be assigned a drive letter.A version of the Windows media is used that contains the bootsect program in a directly accessible state. The installation DVDs are good for this, as is VistaPE, since bootsect.exe is located in the \Boot folder on the disc. The Repair Disc and other builds may have the program packed into the WIM file.The bootsect program must be run from an Administrator Command Prompt.For example, using Scenario 1, the computer could be booted into XP with the Windows 7 partition assigned F:. The bootsect program could then be run from the Windows 7 32-bit DVD, as follows:Open an Explorer window (Start >> My Computer or Start >> Computer) and note the drive letters assigned to the DVD drive and the Windows 7 partition. In this example, D:will be used for the DVD drive and F: will be used for the Windows 7 partition.Insert the Windows 7 DVD (if it auto-plays, close the window).Start the Command Prompt (Start >> All Programs >> Accessories >> Command Prompt). In versions of Windows with UAC enabled, right-click on Command Prompt and selectRun as administrator.Run the following command at the prompt (make sure to use the correct drive letters for your system):D:\boot\bootsect /nt60 F:The computer should now be able to successfully boot the Windows 7 partition.Using bootsect.exe from the Windows boot mediaThough the actual steps vary a little between the different versions of the boot media, the instructions are generally the same:Boot the computer using the appropriate Windows boot media.Open a Command Prompt window:Windows 7 DVD: Press Shift-F10 (or follow alternate instructions below).Windows Vista DVD, Windows 7 DVD, Windows 7 System Repair Disc: Select to Repair your computer, select to Use recovery tools..., and then start the Command Prompt. Make sure to cancel any automatic repairs.Note: Booting a system with the wrong version of the Windows media (e.g. using a Windows 7 x64 DVD on a Windows 7 x86 system) may result in it reporting that it's not supported or not compatible and block you from proceeding to the System Recovery Options menu. To get around this, click the Load Driversbutton, click OK on the Add Drivers window, browse to X:\Windows\System32, scroll through the list and find cmd (you may need to type *.exe into the File name box and press ENTER if programs aren't being displayed), then right-click on cmd and select Open. To get the other windows out of the way, click Cancelon the Open box and on the Add Drivers box.WinPE, TBWinPE, etc.: Depending on the build configuration, it may boot directly to the Command Prompt window. Otherwise, it should be available through the taskbar menu or by running cmd.Determine the drive letters assigned to the DVD drive and the Windows partition requiring the repair. Note that this partition must be accessible and be assigned a letter (it can't be a hidden partition). In this example, D: will be used for the DVD drive and F:will be used for the Windows 7 partition.Run the following command at the prompt (make sure to use the correct drive letters for your system):D:\boot\bootsect /nt60 F:Note: When booted to versions of the Windows 7 boot media, bootsect.exe is available in the path and can just be referenced by name (i.e. bootsect /nt60 F:). The computer should now be able to successfully boot the Windows 7 partition. Additional Information:Using the "/force" option on locked or "in use" partitionsIn certain situations, bootsect may display a message similar to the following:Updated NTFS filesystem bootcode. The update may be unreliable since the volume could not be lockedduring the update:   Access is denied.Bootcode was successfully updated on all targeted volumes.This happens if bootsect can't lock the partition or the partition is detected as being used. Note that this error also occurs in WinPE and is not limited to partitions in a booted Windows system.In many cases, the repair is actually written to the boot sector successfully and no further action is required. However, if needed, you can specify the /force option, which causes a forced dismount of the partition if the standard lock attempt fails. When using this option from WinPE it shouldn't cause any problems, but caution should be used when using it in Windows since it can cause unexpected behavior as all open file handles on the partition are invalidated.Example: D:\boot\bootsect /nt60 F: /forceUsing the "/nt52" option to repair XP boot sectorsBootsect can also be used to repair the XP boot sector and offers an alternative to using the XP Recovery Console and fixboot. Usage is the same as shown in this article, just use /nt52instead of /nt60.Example: D:\boot\bootsect /nt52 F:Additional bootsect optionsMore information on using bootsect.exe can be found by running bootsect /help at the Command Prompt. Relevant information can also be found in this Microsoft KB article.Example: D:\boot\bootsect /helpUsing bootrec.exe instead of bootsect.exeThe bootrec.exe program is located in the same location on the boot media as bootsect.exe. This program can also repair the boot sector code, but is limited to the system (active) partition only. As a result, this method will not work from a booted Windows system.Example: D:\boot\bootrec /fixboot Pri

[LaunchApp] AppPath = %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MyFolder\MyShell.exe [LaunchApps] %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MyFolder\Application1.exe, -option1 -option2 Application2.exe, -option1 -option2

Winpeshl.ini Files (Windows Embedded Standard 7 Service Pack 1)

This topic has not yet been rated - Rate this topic9/30/2012Winpeshl.ini controls whether a custom shell is loaded in Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) 3.0 instead of the default Command Prompt window. To load a custom shell, create a file named Winpeshl.ini and put it in the %SYSTEMROOT%\System32 folder of your custom Windows PE image. The .ini file must have the following section and entries.[LaunchApp] AppPath = %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MyFolder\MyShell.exe [LaunchApps] %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MyFolder\Application1.exe, -option1 -option2 Application2.exe, -option1 -option2 Set the AppPath entry to the path of your shell application. You can use either a fully qualified path or environment variables, such as %SYSTEMDRIVE%\MyFolder\MyShell.exe. The AppPath entry does not support command-line options.Use the [LaunchApps] section to run applications by using command-line options. The applications run in the order listed; separate the name of the application from its options with a comma (,).When you exit the Command Prompt window or your custom shell application, Windows PE restarts.Note:Do not edit the value of CmdLine in the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup registry key of Setupreg.hiv to start your shell application. The value of CmdLine calls Winpeshl.exe that performs several functions, which includes calling the default Command Prompt window in Windows PE or your custom shell application.See Also

Other Resources

Command-Line Tools Technical Reference


http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ff794421(v=winembedded.60).aspx

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff794606(v=winembedded.60).aspx

Command-Line Tools Technical Reference (Windows Embedded Standard 7 Service Pack 1)

This topic has not yet been rated - Rate this topic9/30/2012The following command-line tools are used in Windows Embedded Standard 7 Toolkit. Some of these tools are available with Standard 7 Toolkit; other tools are available as part of the Windows Embedded Standard 7 operating system.In This SectionBCDEdit Command-Line OptionsProvides a store that is used to describe boot applications and boot application settings.Bootsect Command-Line OptionsHow to use Bootsect.exe to restore the boot sector on your computer.DiskPart Command-Line OptionsDescribes DiskPart as the text-mode command interpreter that enables you to manage objects, such as disks, partitions, or volumes.Drvload Command-Line OptionsProvides the tool to add out-of-box drivers to a booted Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE) 3.0 image.Expand Command-Line OptionsSupports opening updates for Standard 7.Intlcfg Command-Line OptionsDescribes options to change the language and locale, fonts, and input settings to a Standard 7 image, typically, after you apply one or more language packs to your Standard 7 image.Lpksetup Command-Line OptionsDescribes options to perform unattended or silent-mode language pack operations on an online Standard 7 operating system.Oscdimg Command-Line OptionsDescribes the command-line tool for creating an image (.iso) file of a customized 32-bit or 64-bit version of Windows PE.Powercfg Command-Line OptionsDescribes the command-line tool to control power settings and configure computers to use the Hibernate or Standby modes as default.Winpeshl.ini FilesControls whether a custom shell is loaded in Windows PE instead of the default Command Prompt window.Wpeinit Command-Line OptionsDescribes the tool that initializes Windows PE every time that it starts.Wpeutil Command-Line OptionsDescribes the tool to run various commands in a Windows PE session, for example, to shut down or restart Windows PE, enable or disable the firewall, set language settings, and initialize network components and drivers.See Also

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Windows Embedded Standard 7 Toolkit Technical ReferenceDid you find this helpful? Yes 
CommandSyntaxDescriptionactiveactiveOn basic disks, marks the partition with the focus as active. This informs the basic input/output system (BIOS) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) that the partition or volume is a valid system partition or system volume.Only partitions can be marked as active.Note:DiskPart verifies that only the partition can contain the startup files of an operating system. DiskPart does not check the contents of the partition. If you mark a partition as activeand it does not contain the startup files of the operating system, your computer might not start.add diskadd disk= n [noerr]Mirrors the simple volume with the focus to the specified disk.nSpecifies the disk to contain the mirror. You can mirror only simple volumes. The specified disk must have unallocated space at least as large as the size of the simple volume that you intend to mirror.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.assignassign [{letter=d|mount=path}] [noerr]Assigns a drive letter or mount point to the volume with the focus. If no drive letter or mount point is specified, the next available drive letter is assigned. If the assigned drive letter or mount point is already being used, an error is generated.By using the assign command, you can change the drive letter associated with a removable drive.You cannot assign drive letters to system volumes, boot volumes, or volumes that contain the paging file. You cannot assign a drive letter to an OEM partition or any GPT partition other than a basic data partition.letter= dSpecifies the drive letter that you intend to assign to the volume.mount= pathSpecifies the mount-point path that you intend to assign to the volume.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.attributesattributesvolume [{set |clear}] [{hidden | readonly | nodefaultdriveletter | shadowcopy}] [noerr]volumeDisplays the attributes of the selected volume.setSets the specified attribute (hidden, readonly, nodefaultdriveletter, or shadowcopy volume) on the selected volume.clearClears the specified attribute (hidden, readonly, nodefaultdriveletter, or shadowcopy volume) from the selected volume.hiddenSpecifies that the volume is hidden.readonlySpecifies that the volume is read-only.nodefaultdriveletterSpecifies that the volume does not receive a drive letter by default.shadowcopySpecifies that the volume is a shadow-copy volume.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, DiskPartcontinues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.automountautomount [enable] [disable] [scrub] [noerr]When it is enabled (the default), Standard 7 automatically mounts the file system for a new basic volume when it is added to the system, and then assigns a drive letter to the volume. In system area network configurations, disabling automountprevents Standard 7 from automatically mounting or assigning drive letters to any new basic volumes added to the system.enableEnables Standard 7 to automatically mount new basic volumes added to the system and to assign them drive letters.disablePrevents Standard 7 from automatically mounting any new basic volumes that are added to the system.scrubRemoves mounted folder path names, drive letters, mounted folder directories, volume mount point directories, and registry settings for volumes that are no longer in the system. This prevents volumes that were previously in the system from being automatically mounted and given their former volume mount point(s) when they are added back to the system.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.break diskbreak disk= n [nokeep] [noerr]Applies to dynamic disks only. Breaks the mirrored volume with the focus into two simple volumes. One simple volume retains the drive letter and any mount points of the mirrored volume, while the other simple volume receives the focus so that you can assign it a drive letter.By default, the contents of both halves of the mirror are retained; each half becomes a simple volume. If you use the nokeep parameter, only one-half of the mirror is retained as a simple volume, while the other half is deleted and converted to free space. Neither volume receives the focus.nSpecifies the disk that contains the mirrored volume.nokeepSpecifies that only one copy of the mirrored volumes is retained. The other simple volume is deleted and converted to free space. Neither volume receives the focus.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.cleanclean [all]Removes any partition or volume formatting from the disk that has the focus. On master boot record (MBR) disks, only the MBR partitioning information and hidden-sector information are overwritten. On GUID partition table (GPT) disks, the GPT partitioning information is also overwritten. This includes the Protective MBR, which is overwritten. There is no hidden sector information.allSpecifies that each sector on the disk is zeroed, that is, it completely deletes all data that is contained on the disk.convert basicconvert basic [noerr]Converts an empty dynamic disk into a basic disk.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to a basic disk. Back up your data, and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert dynamicconvert dynamic [noerr]Converts a basic disk into a dynamic disk. Any existing partitions on the disk become simple volumes.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert gptconvert gpt [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, converts an empty basic disk that has the master boot record (MBR) partition style into a basic disk that has the GUID partition table (GPT) partition style.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to a GPT disk. Back up your data and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert mbrconvert mbr [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, converts an empty basic disk that has the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style to a basic disk that has the master boot record (MBR) partition style.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to an MBR disk. Back up your data and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition eficreate partition efi [size=n] [offset=n] [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, creates an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) system partition on a GUID partition table (GPT) disk. After the partition has been created, the focus is given to the new partition.size=nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk that is large enough to hold it.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition extendedcreate partition extended [size=n] [offset=n] [align=n][noerr]Creates an extended partition on the current drive. After the partition has been created, the focus automatically shifts to the new partition. Only one extended partition can be created per disk. This command fails if you try to create an extended partition within another extended partition. You must create an extended partition before you can create logical drives.size= nSpecifies the size of the extended partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the region. The size is cylinder snapped; that is, the size is rounded to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify a size of 500 MB, the partition size rounds up to 504 MB.offset= nApplies to master boot record (MBR) disks only. Specifies the byte offset at which to create the extended partition. If no offset is given, the partition starts at the beginning of the first free space on the disk. The offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset is rounded to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify an offset that is 27 MB and the cylinder size is 8 MB, the offset is rounded to the 24-MB boundary.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance. The partition offset will be a multiple of (N). If the OFFSET parameter is specified, it will be rounded to the closest multiple of (N).noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition logicalcreate partition logical[size=n] [offset=n] [align=n][noerr]Creates a logical drive in the extended partition. After the partition has been created, the focus automatically shifts to the new logical drive.size= nThe size of the logical drive in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nApplies to master boot record (MBR) disks only. Specifies the byte offset at which to create the logical drive. The offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset rounds up to completely fill whatever cylinder size is used. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk that is large enough to hold it. The partition is at least as long in bytes as the number that is specified by size= n. If you specify a size for the logical drive, it must be smaller than the extended partition.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance. The partition offset will be a multiple of (N). If the OFFSET parameter is specified, it will be rounded to the closest multiple of (N).noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition msrcreate partition msr [size=n] [offset=n] [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, creates a Microsoft reserved (MSR) partition on a GUID partition table (GPT) disk.Note:Be very careful when you use the create partition msrcommand. GPT disks require a specific partition layout, and so creating Microsoft reserved partitions can cause the disk to become unreadable. On GPT disks that are used to start Windows XP 64-Bit Edition or the 64-bit versions of the Windows Server 2003 family, the EFI system partition is the first partition on the disk, followed by the Microsoft reserved partition. GPT disks used only for data storage do not have an EFI system partition. The Microsoft reserved partition is the first partition.Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family do not mount Microsoft reserved partitions. You cannot store data on them and you cannot delete them.size= nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). The partition is at least as long in bytes as the number that is specified by size= n. If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. The partition starts at the byte offset specified by offset= n. It is sector-snapped; that is, the offset rounds up to completely fill whatever sector size is used. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk extent that is large enough to hold it.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createpartitionprimarycreatepartitionprimary[size=n] [offset=n] [ID={byte|GUID}] [align=n][noerr]Creates a primary partition on the current basic disk. After you create the partition, the focus automatically shifts to the new partition. The partition does not receive a drive letter. You must use the assign command to assign a drive letter to the partition.size= nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more unallocated space in the current region. The size is cylinder snapped; that is, the size rounds to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify a size of 500 MB, the partition size rounds up to 504 MB.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. If no offset is given, the partition starts at the beginning of the first free space on the disk. For master boot record (MBR) disks, the offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset rounds to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify an offset that is 27 MB and the cylinder size is 8 MB, the offset rounds to the 24-MB boundary.ID={byte|GUID}Intended for OEM use only.Note:Creating partitions with this parameter could cause your computer to crash or be unable to start. Unless you are an OEM or an IT professional experienced with GPT disks, do not create partitions on GPT disks by using the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. Instead, always use the create partition eficommand to create EFI system partitions, the create partitionmsr command to create Microsoft reserved partitions, and the create partition primary command (without the ID={byte|GUID} parameter) to create primary partitions on GPT disks.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.CommentsTo partition a GPT disk that has an OEM partition, generate an OEM-GUID.Use the following command to create an EFI partition:create partition efi size= nUse the following command to create a primary partition:create partition primary size= nID={byte|GUID}Use the following command to create an MSR partition:createpartitionMSRsize= nNote:You must create the OEM partition between the EFI and MSR partitions.Never create the LDM metadata or LDM data partitions explicitly as partitions. Instead, convert the disk to dynamic.For master boot record (MBR) disks, you can specify a partition type byte, in hexadecimal form, for the partition. If you do not specify a partition type byte on an MBR disk, the createpartitionprimary command creates a partition of type 0x6. Any partition type byte can be specified with the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. DiskPart does not verify the validity of the partition type, nor does it verify the ID parameter.For GPT disks, you can specify a partition type GUID for the partition that you create.EFI system partition: c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93bMicrosoft reserved partition: e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215aeBasic data partition: ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7LDM metadata partition on a dynamic disk: 5808c8aa-7e8f-42e0-85d2-e1e90434cfb3LDM data partition on a dynamic disk: af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69adIf you do not specify a partition type GUID, the createpartitionprimary command creates a basic data partition. Any partition type can be specified with the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. DiskPart does not verify the validity of the partition GUID, nor does it verify the ID parameter.createvolumeraidcreatevolumeraid [size=n] [disk=n,n,n[,n,…]] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a RAID-5 volume on three or more specified dynamic disks. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the disk space, in megabytes (MB), that the volume occupies on each disk. If no size is given, the largest possible RAID-5 volume is created. The disk that has the smallest available contiguous free space determines the size for the RAID-5 volume, and the same amount of space is allocated from each disk. The actual amount of usable disk space in the RAID-5 volume is less than the combined amount of disk space because some disk space is required for parity.disk= n , n , n[,n,…]Specifies the dynamic disks on which to create the volume. You must have at least three dynamic disks in order to create a RAID-5 volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on each disk.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createvolumesimplecreatevolumesimple [size=n] [disk=n] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a simple volume. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the size of the volume in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the new volume uses the remaining free space on the disk.disk= nSpecifies the dynamic disk on which to create the volume. If no disk is given, the current disk is used.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createvolumestripecreatevolumestripe [size=n] [disk=n,n[,n,…]] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a striped volume by using two or more specified dynamic disks. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the disk space, in megabytes (MB), that the volume occupies on each disk. If no size is given, the new volume uses the remaining free space on the smallest disk and an equal amount of space on each the next disk.disk= n , n[,n,…]Specifies the dynamic disks on which to create the volume. You must have at least two dynamic disks to create a striped volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on each disk.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.deletediskdeletedisk [noerr] [override]Deletes a missing dynamic disk from the disk list.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.overrideEnables DiskPart to delete all simple volumes on the disk. If the disk contains half of a mirrored volume, the half of the mirror on the disk is deleted. The delete disk override command fails if the disk is a member of a RAID-5 volume.deletepartitiondeletepartition [noerr] [override]On a basic disk, deletes the partition with the focus. You cannot delete the system partition, boot partition, or any partition that contains the active paging file or crash dump (memory dump).Note:Deleting a partition on a dynamic disk can delete all dynamic volumes on the disk, therefore destroying any data and leaving the disk in a corrupted state. To delete a dynamic volume, always use the delete volume command instead.You can delete partitions from dynamic disks. However, you must not create them. For example, you can delete an unrecognized GUID partition table (GPT) partition on a dynamic GPT disk. However, deleting such a partition does not cause the resulting free space to become available. This command is intended to enable space reclamation on a corrupted, offline dynamic disk in an emergency where the clean command cannot be used.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.overrideEnables DiskPart to delete any partition regardless of type. Usually, DiskPart enables you to delete only known data partitions.deletevolumedeletevolume [noerr]Deletes the selected volume. You cannot delete the system volume, boot volume, or any volume that contains the active paging file or crash dump (memory dump).noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.detaildiskdetaildiskDisplays the properties of the selected disk and the volumes on that disk.detailpartitiondetailpartitionDisplays the properties of the selected partition.detailvolumedetailvolumeDisplays the disks on which the current volume resides.exitexitExits the DiskPart command interpreter.extendextend [size=n] [disk=n] [filesystem][noerr]Extends the volume with the focus into the next contiguous unallocated space. For basic volumes, the unallocated space must be on the same disk as, and must follow (have a larger sector offset number than) the partition with the focus. A dynamic, simple, or spanned volume can be extended to any empty area on any dynamic disk. By using this command, you can extend an existing volume into newly created space.If the partition was previously formatted with the NTFS file system, the file system is automatically extended to occupy the larger partition. No data loss occurs. If the partition was previously formatted with any file-system format other than NTFS, the command fails without a change to the partition.You cannot extend the current system or boot partitions.filesystemExtends the file system of the volume with focus to cover the entire volume. For use only on volumes where the file system was not extended with the volume.size= nSpecifies the space, in megabytes (MB), to add to the current partition. If you do not specify a size, the disk is extended to use all the next contiguous unallocated space.disk= nSpecifies the dynamic disk on which to extend the volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on the disk. If no disk is specified, the volume is extended on the current disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.gptattributesgptattributes= nOn basic GPT disks, assigns the GPT attribute(s) to the partition with the focus. GPT partition attributes give additional information about how to use the partition. Some attributes are specific to the partition type GUID.Note:Changing the GPT attributes could cause basic data volumes to be unmountable or not be assigned drive letters. Unless you are an OEM or an IT professional experienced with GPT disks, do not change GPT attributes.nThe hexadecimal that applies to the attribute that you intend to apply to the partition with the focus. The GPT attribute field is a 64-bit field that contains two subfields. The larger field is interpreted only in the context of the partition ID, while the earlier field is common to all partition IDs.All partitions have the following attribute:0x000000000000001 marks the partition as required. This indicates to all disk-management tools that the partition must not be deleted. The EFI system partition contains only those binaries necessary to start the operating system. This makes it easy for OEM- or operating system-specific binaries to be put in other partitions.For basic data partitions, the following attribute is defined:0x8000000000000000 prevents the partition from having a drive letter automatically assigned. By default, each partition is assigned a new drive letter. Setting this attribute guarantees that, when a disk is moved to a new computer, a new drive letter is not automatically generated. Instead, the user can manually assign drive letters.Note:Other attributes can be added at any time.helphelpDisplays a list of the available commands.importimport [noerr]Imports a foreign-disk group into the local computer's disk group. The import command imports every disk that is in the same group as the disk that has the focus.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies  that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.inactiveinactiveOn basic master boot record (MBR) disks, marks the system partition or boot partition with the focus as inactive. The computer starts from the next option that is specified in the BIOS, such as the CD Drive or a Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE)-based boot environment (such as Remote Installation Services (RIS)), when you restart the computer.Note:Your computer might not start without an active partition. Do not mark a system or boot partition as inactive unless you are an experienced user who has a thorough understanding of the Windows Server 2003 family.listdisklistdiskDisplays a list of disks and information about them, such as their size, amount of available free space, whether the disk is a basic or dynamic disk, and whether the disk usges the master boot record (MBR) or GUID partition table (GPT) partition style. The disk marked with an asterisk (*) has the focus.listpartitionlistpartitionDisplays the partitions listed in the partition table of the current disk. On dynamic disks, these partitions might not correspond to the dynamic volumes on the disk. This difference occurs because dynamic disks contain entries in the partition table for the system volume or boot volume (if present on the disk). Dynamic disks also contain a partition that occupies the rest of the disk and reserves space for use by dynamic volumes.listvolumelistvolumeDisplays a list of basic and dynamic volumes on all disks.onlineonlineBrings an offline disk or volume with the focus online. Resynchronizes the mirrored or RAID-5 volume with the focus.remremLets you add comments to a script; for example:rem These commands set up 3 drives. create partition primary size=2048 assign d: create partition extend create partition logical size=2048 assign e: create partition logical assign f: removeremove [{letter=d|mount=path|[all]}] [dismount][noerr]Removes a drive letter or mount point from the volume with the focus. If the all parameter is used, all current drive letters and mount points are removed. If you do not specify a drive letter or mount point, DiskPart removes the first drive letter or mount point that it encounters.You can use the remove command to change the drive letter associated with a removable drive. You cannot remove the drive letters on system, boot, or paging volumes. In addition, you cannot remove the drive letter for an OEM partition, any GPT partition with an unrecognized GUID, or any of the special, non-data, GPT partitions such as the EFI system partition.letter= dSpecifies the drive letter to remove.mount= pathSpecifies the mount point path of remove.allRemoves all current drive letters and mount points.dismountDismounts the basic volume, when all drive letters and mount points have been removed from the volume, and takes the basic volume offline. It makes it unmountable. If other processes are using the volume, DiskPart closes any open handles before dismounting the volume. You can make the volume mountable by assigning it a drive letter or by creating a mount point path to the volume. Dismount fails if you use it on a volume that has any remaining drive letters or mount points. For scripting, we recommend that you use removealldismount.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.repairdiskrepairdisk= n [align=n][noerr]Repairs the RAID-5 volume with the focus by replacing the failed RAID-5 member with the specified dynamic disk. The specified dynamic disk must have free space larger than or equal to the total size of the failed RAID-5 member.nSpecifies the dynamic disk that replaces the failed RAID-5 member. The specified disk must have free space equal to or larger than the total size of the failed RAID-5 member.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.rescanrescanLocates new disks that might have been added to the computer.retainretainPrepares an existing dynamic simple volume to use as a boot or system volume.On an x86-based computer, creates a partition entry in the master boot record (MBR) on the dynamic simple volume with the focus. To create an MBR partition, the dynamic simple volume must start at a cylinder-aligned offset and be an integral number of cylinders.On an Itanium-based computer, creates a partition entry in the GUID partition table (GPT) on the dynamic simple volume with the focus.Note:The retain command is intended for use only during unattended Setup or by OEMs.selectdiskselectdisk=[n]Selects the specified disk and shifts the focus to it.nSpecifies the disk number of the disk to receive the focus. If you do not specify a disk number, the select command lists the disk that currently has the focus. You can view the numbers for all disks on the computer by using the listdisk command.selectpartitionselectpartition=[{n|d}]Selects the specified partition and gives it focus. If you do not specify a partition, the select command lists the current partition with the focus. You can view the numbers of all partitions on the current disk by using the list partitioncommand.nSpecifies the number of the partition to receive the focus.dSpecifies the drive letter or mount point path of the partition to receive the focus.selectvolumeselectvolume=[{n|d}]Selects the specified volume and shifts the focus to it. If you do not specify a volume, the select command lists the current volume with the focus. You can specify the volume by number, drive letter, or mount-point path. On a basic disk, selecting a volume also gives the corresponding partition focus. You can view the numbers of all volumes on the computer by using the listvolume command.nSpecifies the number of the volume to receive the focus.dSpecifies the drive letter or mount-point path of the volume to receive the focus.



CommandSyntaxDescriptionactiveactiveOn basic disks, marks the partition with the focus as active. This informs the basic input/output system (BIOS) or Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) that the partition or volume is a valid system partition or system volume.Only partitions can be marked as active.Note:DiskPart verifies that only the partition can contain the startup files of an operating system. DiskPart does not check the contents of the partition. If you mark a partition as activeand it does not contain the startup files of the operating system, your computer might not start.add diskadd disk= n [noerr]Mirrors the simple volume with the focus to the specified disk.nSpecifies the disk to contain the mirror. You can mirror only simple volumes. The specified disk must have unallocated space at least as large as the size of the simple volume that you intend to mirror.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.assignassign [{letter=d|mount=path}] [noerr]Assigns a drive letter or mount point to the volume with the focus. If no drive letter or mount point is specified, the next available drive letter is assigned. If the assigned drive letter or mount point is already being used, an error is generated.By using the assign command, you can change the drive letter associated with a removable drive.You cannot assign drive letters to system volumes, boot volumes, or volumes that contain the paging file. You cannot assign a drive letter to an OEM partition or any GPT partition other than a basic data partition.letter= dSpecifies the drive letter that you intend to assign to the volume.mount= pathSpecifies the mount-point path that you intend to assign to the volume.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.attributesattributesvolume [{set |clear}] [{hidden | readonly | nodefaultdriveletter | shadowcopy}] [noerr]volumeDisplays the attributes of the selected volume.setSets the specified attribute (hidden, readonly, nodefaultdriveletter, or shadowcopy volume) on the selected volume.clearClears the specified attribute (hidden, readonly, nodefaultdriveletter, or shadowcopy volume) from the selected volume.hiddenSpecifies that the volume is hidden.readonlySpecifies that the volume is read-only.nodefaultdriveletterSpecifies that the volume does not receive a drive letter by default.shadowcopySpecifies that the volume is a shadow-copy volume.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, DiskPartcontinues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.automountautomount [enable] [disable] [scrub] [noerr]When it is enabled (the default), Standard 7 automatically mounts the file system for a new basic volume when it is added to the system, and then assigns a drive letter to the volume. In system area network configurations, disabling automountprevents Standard 7 from automatically mounting or assigning drive letters to any new basic volumes added to the system.enableEnables Standard 7 to automatically mount new basic volumes added to the system and to assign them drive letters.disablePrevents Standard 7 from automatically mounting any new basic volumes that are added to the system.scrubRemoves mounted folder path names, drive letters, mounted folder directories, volume mount point directories, and registry settings for volumes that are no longer in the system. This prevents volumes that were previously in the system from being automatically mounted and given their former volume mount point(s) when they are added back to the system.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.break diskbreak disk= n [nokeep] [noerr]Applies to dynamic disks only. Breaks the mirrored volume with the focus into two simple volumes. One simple volume retains the drive letter and any mount points of the mirrored volume, while the other simple volume receives the focus so that you can assign it a drive letter.By default, the contents of both halves of the mirror are retained; each half becomes a simple volume. If you use the nokeep parameter, only one-half of the mirror is retained as a simple volume, while the other half is deleted and converted to free space. Neither volume receives the focus.nSpecifies the disk that contains the mirrored volume.nokeepSpecifies that only one copy of the mirrored volumes is retained. The other simple volume is deleted and converted to free space. Neither volume receives the focus.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.cleanclean [all]Removes any partition or volume formatting from the disk that has the focus. On master boot record (MBR) disks, only the MBR partitioning information and hidden-sector information are overwritten. On GUID partition table (GPT) disks, the GPT partitioning information is also overwritten. This includes the Protective MBR, which is overwritten. There is no hidden sector information.allSpecifies that each sector on the disk is zeroed, that is, it completely deletes all data that is contained on the disk.convert basicconvert basic [noerr]Converts an empty dynamic disk into a basic disk.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to a basic disk. Back up your data, and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert dynamicconvert dynamic [noerr]Converts a basic disk into a dynamic disk. Any existing partitions on the disk become simple volumes.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert gptconvert gpt [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, converts an empty basic disk that has the master boot record (MBR) partition style into a basic disk that has the GUID partition table (GPT) partition style.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to a GPT disk. Back up your data and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.convert mbrconvert mbr [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, converts an empty basic disk that has the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partition style to a basic disk that has the master boot record (MBR) partition style.Note:The disk must be empty to convert it to an MBR disk. Back up your data and then delete all partitions or volumes before converting the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition eficreate partition efi [size=n] [offset=n] [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, creates an Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) system partition on a GUID partition table (GPT) disk. After the partition has been created, the focus is given to the new partition.size=nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk that is large enough to hold it.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition extendedcreate partition extended [size=n] [offset=n] [align=n][noerr]Creates an extended partition on the current drive. After the partition has been created, the focus automatically shifts to the new partition. Only one extended partition can be created per disk. This command fails if you try to create an extended partition within another extended partition. You must create an extended partition before you can create logical drives.size= nSpecifies the size of the extended partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the region. The size is cylinder snapped; that is, the size is rounded to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify a size of 500 MB, the partition size rounds up to 504 MB.offset= nApplies to master boot record (MBR) disks only. Specifies the byte offset at which to create the extended partition. If no offset is given, the partition starts at the beginning of the first free space on the disk. The offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset is rounded to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify an offset that is 27 MB and the cylinder size is 8 MB, the offset is rounded to the 24-MB boundary.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance. The partition offset will be a multiple of (N). If the OFFSET parameter is specified, it will be rounded to the closest multiple of (N).noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition logicalcreate partition logical[size=n] [offset=n] [align=n][noerr]Creates a logical drive in the extended partition. After the partition has been created, the focus automatically shifts to the new logical drive.size= nThe size of the logical drive in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nApplies to master boot record (MBR) disks only. Specifies the byte offset at which to create the logical drive. The offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset rounds up to completely fill whatever cylinder size is used. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk that is large enough to hold it. The partition is at least as long in bytes as the number that is specified by size= n. If you specify a size for the logical drive, it must be smaller than the extended partition.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance. The partition offset will be a multiple of (N). If the OFFSET parameter is specified, it will be rounded to the closest multiple of (N).noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.create partition msrcreate partition msr [size=n] [offset=n] [noerr]On Itanium-based computers, creates a Microsoft reserved (MSR) partition on a GUID partition table (GPT) disk.Note:Be very careful when you use the create partition msrcommand. GPT disks require a specific partition layout, and so creating Microsoft reserved partitions can cause the disk to become unreadable. On GPT disks that are used to start Windows XP 64-Bit Edition or the 64-bit versions of the Windows Server 2003 family, the EFI system partition is the first partition on the disk, followed by the Microsoft reserved partition. GPT disks used only for data storage do not have an EFI system partition. The Microsoft reserved partition is the first partition.Windows XP and the Windows Server 2003 family do not mount Microsoft reserved partitions. You cannot store data on them and you cannot delete them.size= nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). The partition is at least as long in bytes as the number that is specified by size= n. If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more free space in the current region.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. The partition starts at the byte offset specified by offset= n. It is sector-snapped; that is, the offset rounds up to completely fill whatever sector size is used. If no offset is given, the partition is put in the first disk extent that is large enough to hold it.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createpartitionprimarycreatepartitionprimary[size=n] [offset=n] [ID={byte|GUID}] [align=n][noerr]Creates a primary partition on the current basic disk. After you create the partition, the focus automatically shifts to the new partition. The partition does not receive a drive letter. You must use the assign command to assign a drive letter to the partition.size= nSpecifies the size of the partition in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the partition continues until there is no more unallocated space in the current region. The size is cylinder snapped; that is, the size rounds to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify a size of 500 MB, the partition size rounds up to 504 MB.offset= nSpecifies the byte offset at which to create the partition. If no offset is given, the partition starts at the beginning of the first free space on the disk. For master boot record (MBR) disks, the offset is cylinder snapped; that is, the offset rounds to the closest cylinder boundary. For example, if you specify an offset that is 27 MB and the cylinder size is 8 MB, the offset rounds to the 24-MB boundary.ID={byte|GUID}Intended for OEM use only.Note:Creating partitions with this parameter could cause your computer to crash or be unable to start. Unless you are an OEM or an IT professional experienced with GPT disks, do not create partitions on GPT disks by using the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. Instead, always use the create partition eficommand to create EFI system partitions, the create partitionmsr command to create Microsoft reserved partitions, and the create partition primary command (without the ID={byte|GUID} parameter) to create primary partitions on GPT disks.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.CommentsTo partition a GPT disk that has an OEM partition, generate an OEM-GUID.Use the following command to create an EFI partition:create partition efi size= nUse the following command to create a primary partition:create partition primary size= nID={byte|GUID}Use the following command to create an MSR partition:createpartitionMSRsize= nNote:You must create the OEM partition between the EFI and MSR partitions.Never create the LDM metadata or LDM data partitions explicitly as partitions. Instead, convert the disk to dynamic.For master boot record (MBR) disks, you can specify a partition type byte, in hexadecimal form, for the partition. If you do not specify a partition type byte on an MBR disk, the createpartitionprimary command creates a partition of type 0x6. Any partition type byte can be specified with the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. DiskPart does not verify the validity of the partition type, nor does it verify the ID parameter.For GPT disks, you can specify a partition type GUID for the partition that you create.EFI system partition: c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93bMicrosoft reserved partition: e3c9e316-0b5c-4db8-817d-f92df00215aeBasic data partition: ebd0a0a2-b9e5-4433-87c0-68b6b72699c7LDM metadata partition on a dynamic disk: 5808c8aa-7e8f-42e0-85d2-e1e90434cfb3LDM data partition on a dynamic disk: af9b60a0-1431-4f62-bc68-3311714a69adIf you do not specify a partition type GUID, the createpartitionprimary command creates a basic data partition. Any partition type can be specified with the ID={byte|GUID} parameter. DiskPart does not verify the validity of the partition GUID, nor does it verify the ID parameter.createvolumeraidcreatevolumeraid [size=n] [disk=n,n,n[,n,…]] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a RAID-5 volume on three or more specified dynamic disks. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the disk space, in megabytes (MB), that the volume occupies on each disk. If no size is given, the largest possible RAID-5 volume is created. The disk that has the smallest available contiguous free space determines the size for the RAID-5 volume, and the same amount of space is allocated from each disk. The actual amount of usable disk space in the RAID-5 volume is less than the combined amount of disk space because some disk space is required for parity.disk= n , n , n[,n,…]Specifies the dynamic disks on which to create the volume. You must have at least three dynamic disks in order to create a RAID-5 volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on each disk.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createvolumesimplecreatevolumesimple [size=n] [disk=n] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a simple volume. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the size of the volume in megabytes (MB). If no size is given, the new volume uses the remaining free space on the disk.disk= nSpecifies the dynamic disk on which to create the volume. If no disk is given, the current disk is used.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.createvolumestripecreatevolumestripe [size=n] [disk=n,n[,n,…]] [align=n] [noerr]Creates a striped volume by using two or more specified dynamic disks. After you create the volume, the focus automatically shifts to the new volume.size= nSpecifies the disk space, in megabytes (MB), that the volume occupies on each disk. If no size is given, the new volume uses the remaining free space on the smallest disk and an equal amount of space on each the next disk.disk= n , n[,n,…]Specifies the dynamic disks on which to create the volume. You must have at least two dynamic disks to create a striped volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on each disk.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.deletediskdeletedisk [noerr] [override]Deletes a missing dynamic disk from the disk list.noerrFor scripting only. When an error is encountered, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.overrideEnables DiskPart to delete all simple volumes on the disk. If the disk contains half of a mirrored volume, the half of the mirror on the disk is deleted. The delete disk override command fails if the disk is a member of a RAID-5 volume.deletepartitiondeletepartition [noerr] [override]On a basic disk, deletes the partition with the focus. You cannot delete the system partition, boot partition, or any partition that contains the active paging file or crash dump (memory dump).Note:Deleting a partition on a dynamic disk can delete all dynamic volumes on the disk, therefore destroying any data and leaving the disk in a corrupted state. To delete a dynamic volume, always use the delete volume command instead.You can delete partitions from dynamic disks. However, you must not create them. For example, you can delete an unrecognized GUID partition table (GPT) partition on a dynamic GPT disk. However, deleting such a partition does not cause the resulting free space to become available. This command is intended to enable space reclamation on a corrupted, offline dynamic disk in an emergency where the clean command cannot be used.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.overrideEnables DiskPart to delete any partition regardless of type. Usually, DiskPart enables you to delete only known data partitions.deletevolumedeletevolume [noerr]Deletes the selected volume. You cannot delete the system volume, boot volume, or any volume that contains the active paging file or crash dump (memory dump).noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.detaildiskdetaildiskDisplays the properties of the selected disk and the volumes on that disk.detailpartitiondetailpartitionDisplays the properties of the selected partition.detailvolumedetailvolumeDisplays the disks on which the current volume resides.exitexitExits the DiskPart command interpreter.extendextend [size=n] [disk=n] [filesystem][noerr]Extends the volume with the focus into the next contiguous unallocated space. For basic volumes, the unallocated space must be on the same disk as, and must follow (have a larger sector offset number than) the partition with the focus. A dynamic, simple, or spanned volume can be extended to any empty area on any dynamic disk. By using this command, you can extend an existing volume into newly created space.If the partition was previously formatted with the NTFS file system, the file system is automatically extended to occupy the larger partition. No data loss occurs. If the partition was previously formatted with any file-system format other than NTFS, the command fails without a change to the partition.You cannot extend the current system or boot partitions.filesystemExtends the file system of the volume with focus to cover the entire volume. For use only on volumes where the file system was not extended with the volume.size= nSpecifies the space, in megabytes (MB), to add to the current partition. If you do not specify a size, the disk is extended to use all the next contiguous unallocated space.disk= nSpecifies the dynamic disk on which to extend the volume. An amount of space equal to size= n is allocated on the disk. If no disk is specified, the volume is extended on the current disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.gptattributesgptattributes= nOn basic GPT disks, assigns the GPT attribute(s) to the partition with the focus. GPT partition attributes give additional information about how to use the partition. Some attributes are specific to the partition type GUID.Note:Changing the GPT attributes could cause basic data volumes to be unmountable or not be assigned drive letters. Unless you are an OEM or an IT professional experienced with GPT disks, do not change GPT attributes.nThe hexadecimal that applies to the attribute that you intend to apply to the partition with the focus. The GPT attribute field is a 64-bit field that contains two subfields. The larger field is interpreted only in the context of the partition ID, while the earlier field is common to all partition IDs.All partitions have the following attribute:0x000000000000001 marks the partition as required. This indicates to all disk-management tools that the partition must not be deleted. The EFI system partition contains only those binaries necessary to start the operating system. This makes it easy for OEM- or operating system-specific binaries to be put in other partitions.For basic data partitions, the following attribute is defined:0x8000000000000000 prevents the partition from having a drive letter automatically assigned. By default, each partition is assigned a new drive letter. Setting this attribute guarantees that, when a disk is moved to a new computer, a new drive letter is not automatically generated. Instead, the user can manually assign drive letters.Note:Other attributes can be added at any time.helphelpDisplays a list of the available commands.importimport [noerr]Imports a foreign-disk group into the local computer's disk group. The import command imports every disk that is in the same group as the disk that has the focus.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.inactiveinactiveOn basic master boot record (MBR) disks, marks the system partition or boot partition with the focus as inactive. The computer starts from the next option that is specified in the BIOS, such as the CD Drive or a Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE)-based boot environment (such as Remote Installation Services (RIS)), when you restart the computer.Note:Your computer might not start without an active partition. Do not mark a system or boot partition as inactive unless you are an experienced user who has a thorough understanding of the Windows Server 2003 family.listdisklistdiskDisplays a list of disks and information about them, such as their size, amount of available free space, whether the disk is a basic or dynamic disk, and whether the disk uses the master boot record (MBR) or GUID partition table (GPT) partition style. The disk marked with an asterisk (*) has the focus.listpartitionlistpartitionDisplays the partitions listed in the partition table of the current disk. On dynamic disks, these partitions might not correspond to the dynamic volumes on the disk. This difference occurs because dynamic disks contain entries in the partition table for the system volume or boot volume (if present on the disk). Dynamic disks also contain a partition that occupies the rest of the disk and reserves space for use by dynamic volumes.listvolumelistvolumeDisplays a list of basic and dynamic volumes on all disks.onlineonlineBrings an offline disk or volume with the focus online. Resynchronizes the mirrored or RAID-5 volume with the focus.remremLets you add comments to a script; for example:rem These commands set up 3 drives. create partition primary size=2048 assign d: create partition extend create partition logical size=2048 assign e: create partition logical assign f: removeremove [{letter=d|mount=path|[all]}] [dismount][noerr]Removes a drive letter or mount point from the volume with the focus. If the all parameter is used, all current drive letters and mount points are removed. If you do not specify a drive letter or mount point, DiskPart removes the first drive letter or mount point that it encounters.You can use the remove command to change the drive letter associated with a removable drive. You cannot remove the drive letters on system, boot, or paging volumes. In addition, you cannot remove the drive letter for an OEM partition, any GPT partition with an unrecognized GUID, or any of the special, non-data, GPT partitions such as the EFI system partition.letter= dSpecifies the drive letter to remove.mount= pathSpecifies the mount point path of remove.allRemoves all current drive letters and mount points.dismountDismounts the basic volume, when all drive letters and mount points have been removed from the volume, and takes the basic volume offline. It makes it unmountable. If other processes are using the volume, DiskPart closes any open handles before dismounting the volume. You can make the volume mountable by assigning it a drive letter or by creating a mount point path to the volume. Dismount fails if you use it on a volume that has any remaining drive letters or mount points. For scripting, we recommend that you use removealldismount.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, specifies that DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.repairdiskrepairdisk= n [align=n][noerr]Repairs the RAID-5 volume with the focus by replacing the failed RAID-5 member with the specified dynamic disk. The specified dynamic disk must have free space larger than or equal to the total size of the failed RAID-5 member.nSpecifies the dynamic disk that replaces the failed RAID-5 member. The specified disk must have free space equal to or larger than the total size of the failed RAID-5 member.align= nTypically used with hardware RAID Logical Unit Number (LUN) arrays to improve performance when the logical units (LUs) are not cylinder aligned. Aligns a primary partition that is not cylinder aligned at the beginning of a disk and rounds the offset to the closest alignment boundary, where n is the number of kilobytes (KB) from the beginning of the disk to the closest alignment boundary. The align= n command fails if the primary partition is not at the beginning of the disk. If you use it with offset= n, the offset is within the first usable cylinder on the disk.noerrFor scripting only. When an error occurs, DiskPart continues to process commands as if the error did not occur. Without the noerr parameter, an error causes DiskPart to exit with an error code.rescanrescanLocates new disks that might have been added to the computer.retainretainPrepares an existing dynamic simple volume to use as a boot or system volume.On an x86-based computer, creates a partition entry in the master boot record (MBR) on the dynamic simple volume with the focus. To create an MBR partition, the dynamic simple volume must start at a cylinder-aligned offset and be an integral number of cylinders.On an Itanium-based computer, creates a partition entry in the GUID partition table (GPT) on the dynamic simple volume with the focus.Note:The retain command is intended for use only during unattended Setup or by OEMs.selectdiskselectdisk=[n]Selects the specified disk and shifts the focus to it.nSpecifies the disk number of the disk to receive the focus. If you do not specify a disk number, the select command lists the disk that currently has the focus. You can view the numbers for all disks on the computer by using the listdisk command.selectpartitionselectpartition=[{n|d}]Selects the specified partition and gives it focus. If you do not specify a partition, the select command lists the current partition with the focus. You can view the numbers of all partitions on the current disk by using the list partitioncommand.nSpecifies the number of the partition to receive the focus.dSpecifies the drive letter or mount point path of the partition to receive the focus.selectvolumeselectvolume=[{n|d}]Selects the specified volume and shifts the focus to it. If you do not specify a volume, the select command lists the current volume with the focus. You can specify the volume by number, drive letter, or mount-point path. On a basic disk, selecting a volume also gives the corresponding partition focus. You can view the numbers of all volumes on the computer by using the listvolume command.nSpecifies the number of the volume to receive the focus.dSpecifies the drive letter or mount-point path of the volume to receive the focus.